"A Hundred Years Peace. The Signature of the Treaty of Ghent between Great Britain and the United States of America, Dec. 24th 1814." By A. Forestier. Date: ca 1915.
1803 –
The British navy begins its persistent policy of impressing American sailors into service aboard British ships. By 1812, approximately 10,000 sailors are taken.
1806 –
January 26 –Secretary James Madison sends a message to Congress detailing the transgressions of the British navy against American sailors and maritime vessels.
August – An American envoy is unable to resolve the maritime crisis existing between Britain and the United States concerning impressments of sailors and the British blockade of France, which results in the capture of nearly 1,000 American ships.
1807 –
June – The Chesapeake-Leopold Naval Affair War almost erupted when the British ship Leopold attempted to force a search of the American Chesapeake, looking for supposed Royal Navy deserters. The Americans refused and the Leopold opened fire—killing 3 American sailors and causing uproar in the United States.
December 22 – The Embargo Act, meant to prohibit trade with warring Britain and France, is drafted.
1811 –
November 7 – The Battle of Tippecanoe occurs in the Indiana Territory between American forces and Indian raiders, led by Tecumseh. The British are viewed as having materially aided the Indians with supplies and weapons.
1812 –
June 18 – The United States declares war on Great Britain following years of perceived transgressions on the part of the British.
October 13 – First major engagement of the war at Battle of Queenston Heights, Ontario. It ends as a British victory and thwarts the American attempt to establish a military foothold on the Canadian side of the border.
November 23 – American military forces retreat back across the US-Canada border following setbacks in Canada.
December – Britain begins heavily blockading the Chesapeake Bay.
1813 –
April 27 – United States forces capture the British city of York, Canada, burning the capitol building in the city.
September 13 – American Commodore Oliver Perry wins a naval battle against the British in the Battle of Lake Erie.
June 8 - Battle of St. Leonard Creek in the Chesapeake ends with the American flotilla successfully escaping.
November 4 – Great Britain first agrees to begin meeting with American diplomats to start talking about proposed negotiations to end the conflict.
December 19 – The British lead a nighttime sneak attack that takes the undermanned American Fort Niagara, resulting in a serious weakening of US military power in the northern parts of New York.
1814 -
March 27 – The Battle of Horseshoe Bend ends in an American victory against the Shawnee leader Tecumseh—effectively ending the Creek uprising.
April 25 – The British Royal Navy begins a heavy blockading of trade in and out of New England.
August 24 – The Battle of Bladensburg ends in disaster for American militia, clearing the way for the British army to advance on Washington DC with little to no resistance.
August 24 – The capitol city of Washington, D.C. is captured by the British, with the Executive Mansion (now the White House) and Congress buildings being burned.
September 12 – The Battle of North Point effectively slows the advance of British infantry, allowing more time for defenses around Baltimore to be strengthened and manned.
September 13 – The naval bombardment of Fort McHenry commences.
September 14 – Francis Scott Key is inspired to begin composing his poem, “The Star-Spangled Banner.”
December 15 – The Hartford Convention meets in New England, advocating an end to the war and even possible talk of secession if demands are not met for peace.
December 24 – The Treaty of Ghent is signed, ending the war.
1815 -
January 8 – The Battle of New Orleans ends in a lopsided U.S. victory against the British army and navy.
February 17 – The United States Congress ratifies the Treaty of Ghent, officially ending the War of 1812.
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